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Tswalu Kalahari Reserve Uses Wildlife Restoration to Rebuild Soil Carbon

EnvironmentScience4/27/2026
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The Tswalu Kalahari Reserve in South Africa is using decades of wildlife reintroductions to restore degraded soils and generate revenue through carbon markets. The reserve, owned by the Oppenheimer family, has expanded to 118,000 hectares. This work highlights the significant role soils play in storing terrestrial carbon.

Facts First

  • Tswalu Kalahari Reserve restores degraded soils through decades of wildlife reintroductions
  • The project generates revenue by participating in carbon markets
  • The reserve covers 118,000 hectares in the Kalahari Desert, an area larger than Hong Kong
  • Soils globally hold about three times more terrestrial carbon than forests
  • The reserve is owned by the Oppenheimer family and managed by Oppenheimer Generations

What Happened

The Tswalu Kalahari Reserve is utilizing decades of wildlife reintroductions to restore degraded soils. This restoration work generates revenue through participation in carbon markets. The reserve, owned by the Oppenheimer family, was acquired in 1999 and has been expanded to 118,000 hectares (292,000 acres), which is larger than Hong Kong.

Why this Matters to You

This work demonstrates a tangible model for how large-scale land management can address climate change. Soil carbon storage is a critical global climate solution, as soils hold approximately three times more terrestrial carbon than forests. Projects like this may provide a blueprint for other regions to restore ecosystems while creating financial incentives through carbon markets.

What's Next

The continued restoration at Tswalu could serve as a case study for similar arid and semi-arid landscapes globally. The integration of conservation with carbon finance may become a more common approach for funding large-scale ecological recovery.

Perspectives

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Scientists suggest that soil offers greater stability than forests because it is less susceptible to being lost during clear-cutting or forest fires.
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Rewilding Advocates contend that projects like Tswalu demonstrate how rewilding can "mitigate climate change through soil carbon storage and improve land productivity."
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The Indigenous San People use celestial metaphors to describe wildlife abundance, having "compared springbok numbers to the number of stars in the Milky Way."